In terms of training, what might an animal trainer use to reduce undesired behavior?

Using negative reinforcement to reduce undesired behavior can be effective in training animals. Negative reinforcement involves the removal of an unpleasant stimulus when the desired behavior occurs, thereby increasing the likelihood of that behavior being repeated in the future. For example, if a dog is barking excessively, using negative reinforcement might involve stopping the unpleasant sound of a distressing tone when the dog stops barking. This encourages the dog to think, "When I stop barking, the unpleasant sound goes away."

It’s important to note that while negative reinforcement can create a learning opportunity, it does not involve inflicting pain or punishment, and may sometimes be misunderstood or applied incorrectly. Effective training practices generally emphasize positive methods that enhance the bond between the trainer and animal, also minimizing stress and fear. Meanwhile, approaches such as positive reinforcement, ignoring behavior, or physical punishment, albeit effective in specific contexts, do not align with the principles of reducing undesired behavior through the removal of an unpleasant condition. Positive reinforcement is often preferred, as it promotes a more humane and constructive relationship with the animal.