What does "positive reinforcement" entail in animal training?

Positive reinforcement in animal training refers to the practice of adding a rewarding stimulus following a desired behavior, which increases the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated in the future. This concept is rooted in operant conditioning, where behaviors are shaped through the consequences that follow them. For example, if a dog sits on command and is given a treat immediately afterward, the dog is more likely to sit again when asked, as the treat acts as a reward reinforcing that behavior.

This approach enhances the bond between the trainer and the animal, as animals tend to respond more positively when they receive rewards for their actions. Such reinforcement can take various forms, including treats, toys, or verbal praise, but the key element is that a pleasant stimulus is presented to encourage the desired behavior.