What is an example of negative punishment in dog training?

Taking away treats after the dog pulls on a leash exemplifies negative punishment because it involves the removal of a desirable stimulus—in this case, treats—following an undesired behavior (pulling on the leash). The concept of negative punishment revolves around reducing the likelihood of a behavior recurring by withholding something the animal values. In this scenario, the dog learns that pulling on the leash results in the loss of treats, which may discourage that specific behavior in the future.

In contrast, using treats to reward a dog for good behavior represents positive reinforcement, where a desirable stimulus is added to increase the likelihood of a behavior. Yelling at a dog when it misbehaves is more akin to verbal correction or aversive training, which may induce fear or anxiety rather than teaching the dog what behavior is expected. Pushing the dog into a sitting position can be considered physical manipulation or a form of coercive training but does not illustrate the concept of negative punishment as it does not involve the removal of a positive stimulus.