What is an example of anthropomorphism in pet behavior?

Anthropomorphism is the attribution of human characteristics, emotions, or behaviors to animals. In the context of pet behavior, assuming that a dog feels guilt for chewing shoes exemplifies this concept. Dogs do not possess the same emotional understanding as humans, and their behaviors are often misunderstood through a human lens. When an owner interprets a dog's actions—like cowering or avoiding eye contact after chewing a shoe—as guilt, they are projecting a human emotion onto the dog. This misunderstanding can lead to inaccurate judgments about the pet's feelings and behaviors.

The other choices illustrate normal animal behaviors without ascribing human emotions. For instance, a cat choosing its favorite toy is simply demonstrating personal preference, and a dog barking at strangers is a natural alerting instinct to perceived threats. Similarly, a puppy learning to fetch a ball reflects instinctive learning and play behavior rather than an emotional experience akin to guilt.