What is one of the primary effects of improper restraint on animals during handling?

One of the primary effects of improper restraint on animals during handling is decreased trust in humans. When animals experience stress or fear due to rough or inappropriate handling techniques, they may associate negative experiences with human presence. This can lead to an overall decline in their trust and comfort around people, making future interactions more challenging. Animals that have had negative experiences are often more skittish and less cooperative in subsequent encounters, and they may display signs of anxiety or aggression as a learned response. Thus, building a positive relationship and trust through gentle and appropriate handling methods is crucial for the well-being of the animal and for effective future interactions.