Which of the following statements about physical punishment in house-training is true?

Physical punishment in house-training is considered ineffective and not recommended due to its potential to cause fear and anxiety in animals. Effective training methods rely on positive reinforcement, which encourages desired behaviors through rewards rather than negative experiences. Physical punishment can lead to behavioral issues, including fear-based aggression or avoidance, as the animal begins to associate negative consequences with their owner rather than understanding what behavior is expected. Research in animal behavior shows that animals learn better in a supportive and safe environment, where they can understand what behaviors are desirable and receive praise for those actions. Therefore, employing physical punishment does not foster trust and can hinder the learning process, making it a counterproductive approach to house-training.